This is one of the most commonly asked questions in our practice.  Ovarian cysts are fluid filled structures that can develop within an ovary or next to an ovary (e.g., paratubal cyst).  In the majority of premenopausal women (women of childbearing age) they are usually benign.  They can range from as small as millimeters to as large as basketballs.  The majority of small cysts which measure less than 3-4 cms do not cause any significant pain and can be incidental findings on an ultrasound exam.  The ones that cause pain are usually larger.

The treatment of ovarian cysts depends largely on the size of the cyst, the appearance of the cyst, and whether or not they are causing any major symptoms.  Most cysts especially small ones can be managed conservatively without surgery.  This type of management is usually called observation.  Since most cysts will resolve on their own and will shrink or disappear, observation is the most common treatment method pursued by most patients with ovarian cysts.  Serial ultrasounds are usually ordered every 6-8 weeks to follow the progression of the cyst.  This can be continued until the cyst becomes smaller, resolves completely, or becomes symptomatic or enlarges and requires surgery.

Surgery may be recommended in the following situations:

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Please remember that these are only recommendations that are usually made regarding certain conditions and should never replace the need to obtain professional advice from your healthcare provider.